To Kill A Mockingbird and Scout free essay sample

What are the main points in Heck Tate’s evidence? What does Atticus show in his cross examination of Tate? 5. What does the reader learn about the home life of the Ewells? Be specific with examples from the text. To Kill a Mockingbird In-Class Simulation Once this paper is in your hands, you may NOT have any contact outside your group!!! THE TASK: A man has been convicted of rape and battery and sentenced to die for the crime. He is appealing his conviction to the 104th Circuit Federal Appeals Court seated in Gallatin County. You and your fellow justices will hear the case as one of the final stages of his appeal. You will decide whether to (1) accept his appeal for a new trial, (2) modify his death sentence (to life in prison or probation, (3) leave the sentence as is – and allow him to die for his crime. In your group, you will need to elect a Chief Justice who will guide the process, asking for each member’s opinion, mediating disagreements, and conducting votes. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill A Mockingbird and Scout or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will also need two recorders – one to keep track of arguments of why you think the man is guilty and one to keep track of arguments of why you think the man is guilty. The chief justice should tally the final verdict. You will need to write and deliver a majority opinion justifying the ultimate decision and your reasons for your choice. The defendant is 27 years old, married with children The victim is a 21 year old single white woman The victim and the defendant work in the same building and both acknowledge having seen each other before and sometimes speaking casually with one another. †¢ †¢ The victim was severely beaten in the attack, which helped account for the death sentence The defendant denies the accusations, but claims that the woman flirted with him on one occasion that was interrupted by a jealous boyfriend †¢ The boyfriend claims to have later witnessed the assault, arriving only in time to scare off the defendant. †¢ †¢ The defendant was apprehended as he was trying to flee. The appeal is based on the fact that no medical evidence of rape was ever obtained. Those on the scene at the time claim it wasn’t an immediate concern. He was convicted after six hours of deliberation by a jury of 12 honest MEN The defendant has since attempted, unsuccessfully, to escape from prison The alleged incident occurred in the victim’s home at approximately six o’clock in the evening on the night of August 10, 1988. †¢ †¢ †¢ Injuries were found on the left side of the victim’s body. Victim was never examined by a medical official/ The Defendant’s left arm was left shriveled and paralyzed from a childhood accident. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 18 and 19 1. Is Mayella Ewell like her father or different from him? In what ways? 2. How does Dill react to the trial? Why is this, in your opinon? 3. How well do you think Mr. Gilmer proves Tom’s guilt? Why? Why not? 4. What made Tom Robinson visit the Ewell’s house in the first place? 5. In your own words, explain Mayella’s relationship with her father. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 20 and 21 ++ NO BELLWORK DUE TO CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT: Using your book, chapters 17-20 only, please locate and write down passages that fit the following criteria. Use a separate sheet of paper. Write neatly. Punctuate quotations properly { â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (98). }. Introduce each passage with a sentence that identifies is (i. e. Atticus reveals Bob Ewell’s guilt when he says, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (34). Note: 6 passages total. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bob Ewells’s guilt (something Atticus says) Bob Ewell’s guilt (something Bob Ewell says) Tom Robinson’s innocence (something Tom says) Tom Robinson’s innocence (something Atticus says) Mayella’s lies The one thing that Tom Robinson says that is considered a mistake that might ruin his changes of winning the trial. To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 22, 23, 24 1. Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem’s right to know what has happen. Explain, in your own words, Atticus’s reasons for this (look at the speech beginning â€Å"this is their home, sister†¦) 2. Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? 3. Why is Bob Ewell so angry with Atticus? Do you this his threat is a real one? Why/Why not? What do you think about Atticus’s reaction to Bob Ewell’s challenge? 4. What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convince Tom? 5. Explain, briefly, how Tom was killed. What is Atticus’s explanation for Tom’s attempted escape? To Kill a Mockingbird differentiated unit for chapters 22, 23, 24 Learning Goal: Read chapters 22, 23, 24 of To Kill a Mockingbird , make sense of the citizen’s of Maycomb’s reaction to the verdict, and make a personal connection to the reading. 1. Assignment one: For a struggling reader, listening to the chapters being read aloud and stopping to pause and reflect on the points in the chapters which are significant is more helpful. For homework due in this class period, ask the students to complete a reading log entry that is a ? page response to the verdict delivered in chapter 21. How do they feel about the unfairness of the trial or do they think it is fair? Why/Why not? During class, the students will listen to the reading, and while they listen, they will fill in the graphic organizer provided to them. This graphic organizer will ask them to fill in various citizen’s reactions to the verdict – all of which is touched on in the reading. See handout one. 2. Assignment two: For the average reader and group workers, a review and discussion of the reading assignment is appropriate. The homework due in this class period is reading chapters 22, 23, 24. The chapters detail the town’s reaction to the verdict, and after completing the bellwork for these chapters, it is useful to have the students share passages which illustrate the townspeople’s reactions to the trial and a discussion of what their own reactions to the verdict are. See handout two. 3. Assignment three: For advanced readers and independent workers, a webquest on the Scottsburo Trials is relevant and interesting. The students will complete the same reading for the day’s class period; however, during class, these students will use the computers available to research the trials and answer the attached questions. Assessment: completion of the webquest and the ability to relate the Scottsburo Trials to To Kill a Mockingbird . See handout three. Materials needed: Computer with internet access for level 3 assignment TKAM audio cd with cd player and copies of graphic organizer for level 1 assignment Overhead with bellwork questions and sticky notes for level 2 assignment Reading Log Entry for Chapter 21: Re-read the section on pages 210-211. How does the verdict make you feel? Do you think it is fair or unfair? Why/Why not? Do you wish things could be different? Did you ever think – just for a minute – that Tom might win the trial? How do you predict others in the town will react to the news? What about Bob Ewell? Jem? Dill? Miss Maudie? Graphic organizer for Chapters 22, 23, 24 Character How the character reacts to the verdict page # Handout Two To Kill a Mockingbird Bell Work Chapter 22, 23, 24 6. Although Atticus did not want his children in court, he defends Jem’s right to know what has happen. Explain, in your own words, Atticus’s reasons for this (look at the speech beginning â€Å"this is their home, sister†¦) 7. Why does Dill say that he will be a clown when he grows up? 8. Why is Bob Ewell so angry with Atticus? Do you this his threat is a real one? Why/Why not? What do you think about Atticus’s reaction to Bob Ewell’s challenge? 9. What does Atticus tell Scout about why the jury took so long to convince Tom? 10. Explain, briefly, how Tom was killed. What is Atticus’s explanation for Tom’s attempted escape? Hand out sticky notes. Have students mark passages to share with the class of different people’s reactions to the trial. Split up the people among members of the class. They can work with a partner if they choose. Then have class members share with each other and put master copy on the board with page #s. Handout three The Scottsboro trials The websites below discuss a very controversial trial held in Alabama in the 1930s, very similar to the trial of Tom Robinson. Read this entire page and the timeline that follows: Historical Context of the Scottsboro Trials library. thinkquest. org/12111/scottsboro/historic. htm For more information (optional), visit: The Trial of the Scottsboro boys /www. law. umkc. edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct . html Answer the following questions that you can present to the class: 1) What were the Scottsboro boys on trial for? Did they actually commit this crime or not? How do you know? The second part of your paper should consist of a personal essay that illustrates the point(s) of empathy that you share with the character and a detailed and meaningful description of the reasons why. Remember that your experiences do not need to be exact duplicates of the situations or experiences of the character; they must merely relate in some meaningful way. Assignment due __________. Neatly handwritten. Skip lines between passages. Empathy: The ability to understand another’s feelings, perspective, motivation, and situation. Skim through the novel To Kill a Mockingbird and find five incidents or quotes with which you can empathize in some way. Be sure to write the entire passage or quote and include the page number on which it begins. Then write what it is you can empathize with. Follow exactly the format below. Example: 1. Scout’s feelings: â€Å"After ten forevers Dr. Reynolds returned. ‘Is Jem dead? ’ I asked. ‘Far from it,’ he said, squatting down to me. ‘He’s got a bump on his head, just like yours and a broken arm† (264). Point of empathy: I can empathize with Scout’s fear that her brother is dead after their run-in with Mr. Ewell. I, too, have felt scared that my brother was dead after he was in a car accident. It turned out that he was just injured, but like Scout, I was really afraid at the time. Empathy Paper Outline TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD I. Opening paragraph a. This passage is significant because Scout has been involved in a very scary situation involving her brother and Bob Ewell. One of the people who saved Jem is Boo Radley, one character of whom she and her brother have been frightened. d. â€Å"After ten forevers Dr. Reynolds returned. ‘Is Jem dead? ’ I asked. ‘Far from it,’ he said, squatting down to me. ‘He’s got a bump on his head, just like yours and a broken arm† (264). e. I can empathize with Scout’s fear that her brother is dead after their run-in with Mr. Ewell. Personal story a. I, too, have felt scared that my brother was dead after he was in a car accident. It turned out that he was just injured, but like Scout, I was really afraid at the time. b. My brother and his best friend got into a car accident on New Year’s eve, and I was in fifth grade. c. He ruptured his spleen and we went to the hospital. d. We had to cancel our family New Year’s party. e. I didn’t understand why he was so out of it after the surgery and I thought he was dying because of all the blood. Comparisons and conclusion a. Both Scout and I feel very close to our brothers, and we look up to them in such a way that we would be lost without them. b. Like Scout, I was also very young when my brother was in the accident, and I didn’t understand exactly what had happened. c. Similar to Jem, my brother was pretty badly injured, and it would take some time before he healed. d. I always wanted to share my experiences with my older brother because I looked up to him so much. I don’t remember anything in particular happening the night of his accident, but I have felt similar to Scout when she describes: â€Å"As I made my way home, I thought what a thing to tell Jem tomorrow. He’d be so mad he missed it he wouldn’t speak to me for days† (279). II. III. ENGLISH I LITERARY Empathy Paper Rubric CONNECTION WRITING RUBRIC SKILL AREA 6 Responses at this level: 5 Responses at this level: 4 Responses at this level: 3 Responses at this level: Meaning: the extent to which the writing exhibits sound understanding, interpretation, and/or analysis of the writing task and text(s) Convey an accurate and indepth understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer insightful interpretations of the text(s) with analysis and connection that goes well beyond a literal level †¢ develop ideas clearly and fully, effectively integrating and elaborating on specific textual evidence †¢ reveal a thorough and insightful understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ skillfully establish and maintain consistent focus on a clear and compelling thesis which offers a personal connection to the text †¢ exhibit logical and coherent structure that supports the thesis †¢ make skillful use of transition words and phrases †¢ are stylistically sophisticated, using language that is precise and engaging, with notable sense of voice and awareness of audience and purpose †¢ effectively incorporate a range of varied sentence patterns to reveal syntactic fluency †¢ demonstrate control of the conventions with essentially no errors, even with sophisticated language Convey an accurate and complete understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer clear and explicit interpretations of the text(s) with analysis and connection that goes beyond a literal level †¢ develop ideas clearly and consistently, incorporating and explaining specific textual evidence †¢ reveal an understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ effectively establish and maintain consistent focus †¢ exhibit a logical sequence of claims, evidence, and interpretations to support the thesis †¢ make effective use of transition words and phrases †¢ use language that is fluent and original, with evident awareness of audience and purpose †¢ incorporate varied sentence patterns that reveal an awareness of different syntactic structures †¢ demonstrate control of the conventions, exhibiting occasional errors only when using sophisticated language (e. g. , punctuation of complex sente nces) Ideas and Content: the extent to which ideas are elaborated using specific and relevant details and/or evidence to support the thesis Convey an accurate although somewhat basic understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose for the writing task †¢ offer partially explained and/or somewhat literal interpretations of the text(s) with some analysis and connection †¢ develop some ideas more fully than others, using relevant textual evidence †¢ reveal an implicit understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ establish and maintain focus on a clear thesis †¢ exhibit a logical sequence of claims, evidence, and interpretations but ideas within paragraphs may be inconsistently organized †¢ make some attempt to use basic transition words and phrases †¢ use appropriate language, with some awareness of audience and purpose †¢ make some attempt to include different sentence patterns but with awkward or uneven success †¢ demonstrate partial control, exhibiting occasional errors that do not hinder comprehension (e. g. , incorrect use of homonyms) Convey a partly accurate understanding of the topic, audience, and purpose of the writing task †¢ offer few or superficial interpretations of the text(s) with a tendency to retell instead of analyze or connect †¢ develop ideas briefly or partially, using some textual evidence but without much elaboration †¢ reveal a vague or limited understanding of the author’s use of literary elements and techniques †¢ establish but fail to consistently maintain focus on a basic thesis †¢ exhibit a basic structure but lack the coherence of consistent claims, evidence, and interpretations †¢ make an inconsistent attempt to use some basic transition words or phrases †¢ rely on basic vocabulary, with little awareness of audience or purpose †¢ reveal a limited awareness of how to vary sentence patterns and rely on a limited range syntactic structures †¢ demonstrate emerging control, exhibiting frequent errors that somewhat hinder comprehension (e. g. , agreement of pronouns and antecedents; spelling of basic words) Organization: the extent to which the writing establishes a clear thesis and maintains direction, focus, and coherence Word Choice and Sentence Fluency: the extent to which the writing reveals an awareness of audience and purpose through word choice and sentence variety Conventions: the extent to which the writing exhibits conventional spelling, punctuation, paragraphing, capitalization, and grammar

Career in Comedy - All Possible Ways to Start

Career in Comedy - All Possible Ways to Start A Guide for College Students: How to Start Your Career in Comedy If you dreamt of becoming a comedy star as a child, if you have seen all films with Jim Carreys, and if you have been wondering how to start a careerin comedy, this article is just for you. You should know that right now there are a lot of students who share your goal, and if you want to succeed, think of them as both your competitors and a support team. In this article, we have gathered best pieces of advice from successful comedians. If you are still wondering how to build your career, check them out. 1. Its Never Too Late to Make Your Dream Come True Take, for example, Daniel Gurewitch. Before writing for Last Week Tonight, he used to grab every opportunity to make a joke. He confesses that he even added jokes into history papers. When starting his education at Syracuse University, he already knew that he wanted to become a comedian. As a college student, he polished his standup skills and chose screenwrite as his major. With all efforts he made, it was no surprise he got a job at CollegeHumor. Another comedy star Shannon ONeill, on the other hand, had a less straightforward career path. She even studied to become a teacher. Only after some time did she understand that the future profession was not her cup of tea. She admits that although she was fond of comedy she never thought of it as a career at first. 2. Extracurriculars Can Be Helpful Schneider insists on the importance of extracurricular activity, claiming that everything he learned about his current career comes from the things he and his friends did in a sketch group called The Lilting Banshees. A similar advice comes from another renowned comedian Pierson. He encourages everyone to join any activity somehow connected to sketch because it helps to improve a persons standup skills, however (un)successful they are. He also adds that college sketch is an awesome way to spend time and meet new people. In fact, many popular comedians confess owing their current career to college extracurriculars. Gurewitch, too, encourages aspiring comedians to start their career paths from there. He says that college sketches are worth it just because: you will love it this is how you can improve. And, of course, this enables you to meet people who share your interests, which brings us to the next advice. 3. Collaborate Youll be paying some $50,000 every year not only to receive knowledge but to get access to an old basement where people like you are rehearsing to put on an awesome show. Gurewitch says that, first of all, these people will help you challenge yourself and see how your skills can be improved. Apart from that, you can build up a network, which will help you find an actual job in the future. Starting is always difficult, so dont waste your opportunities and take first steps today to build a fantastic career tomorrow.

Sales Letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Letter - Assignment Example The manufacturer will have to adjust to new consumer needs because of new interactive market place conditions. This depends upon where and how the company markets its products or services. In addition, when it comes to marketing or promoting a service or product, one sixe does not fit it all. I will introduce a new sales technique to the company in order to attract more customers. In addition, it will be my responsibility as a salesperson to ensure that the sales department is working in line with the company objectives. In order to increase sale of goods, I will do the following as a salesperson; ii. The sales department can use just in time method of supplying goods as this ensures that goods are delivered on time to avoid inconveniences in the production process. This type of system ensures that the delivery trucks are operating on a scheduled time plan and that they deliver goods at the stipulated time. iv. Just in time, technique is efficient because it does not need too much supervision in order to accomplish. This is because the truck drivers follow the schedules, which means there is no need to supervise their work. I am writing to you this letter because I believe I have all the necessary qualifications, experience and qualities that would help your company prosper. In addition, I know your are targeting customers from Asian countries especially India. I have worked as a salesperson for renowned companies such as BMW in India. This means I clearly understand Indian perceptions and behaviors towards a new product. Therefore, as explained above, I will ensure that you will not regret choosing me as your salesperson because your product will receive a positive reception in new market. I m looking forward to your positive

Effective and Ineffective adds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effective and Ineffective adds - Essay Example Secondly, the interest carries the consumer towards the body of the ad. The above ad has an interesting story to go along with it. It has an excellent visual and catches attention at the first glance. The droplet in the ad is the focal point, and it leads to the body copy, presumed to be what the advertiser wants the consumer to read. The logo and the headline, Estee Lauder, are at the bottom, as it puts more focus on the product (Kelley, Sheehan, & Jugenheimer, 2015). Third, the credibility is essential in the creative pyramid. The reader always wants the claims in an ad supported by tangible facts. The claims have to be relevant to the need of the audience. Credibility in the above ad differentiated it from other ads. It communicates information about the product and on where the product sold. Therefore, the ad builds loyalty, brand preference, and value to its consumers (Kelley, Sheehan, & Jugenheimer, 2015). Fourth, the desired step is where the ad puts the audience or the consumer imagines a situation of enjoying its consumption. The desire gives the customer a feeling that once they use the product, they will be happier. The above ad provides a solution to the aging skin due to lack of sleep. Thereby, the clients get a feeling that their aging skin got a solution finally (Kelley, Sheehan, & Jugenheimer, 2015). Lastly, the action comes as the last step in the creative pyramid. It gives the buyer the motivation of doing something. The motivation for using the product above is by the call for action in using it. Use of the above product means that the consumer wakes up with a more beautiful skin each morning. Therefore, the ad gives hope to the consumer through action (Kelley, Sheehan, & Jugenheimer, 2015). The above add is an example of an ineffective ad. The ad creates an awareness but in an inefficient manner. Not every man wears jeans. Therefore, it is limited to those who wear jeans. One may think that the cancer is only for

5.Discuss the characteristics of group decision making. Identify the Essay

5.Discuss the characteristics of group decision making. Identify the benefits and issues in a hospitality or tourism context using relevant examples - Essay Example There are certain situations that group decision making is more preferable to individual decision making as it may be more efficient. In the hospitality industry however, its particularly stated that when creativity and efficiency is most essential, and there is relatively limited time group decision is the least preferred (Kusluvan 2003, p.18). Nevertheless, group decision making is beneficial as it has the advantage of individuals having diverse skills, experience and knowledge. Organizations in the hospitality industry are encouraged to incorporate more group decision making as its participative. Participative decision making in the sense that employees at different levels are asked to participate in the decision making process more so in decisions that affect them. Groups that are incorporated include task forces, project teams and committees as an attempt to achieve better decisions and more commitment to include employees. Decision making at group level will enhance the effectiveness of decision making and enhances problem solving. The combined effort of individuals is believed to improve the quality of decisions made. Some of the characteristics that are exhibited by successful groups include the following: the group is quite small, it exudes open communication among its members and they all have a common mind set, the group members easily identify with each other and they are all agreeable on acceptable group behavior (Walker, 2009, p.43). Group decision making does work best however when all the group members are accustomed to working together and there’s some overall commitment. Setbacks associated with group decision making however are it can be seen as a time consuming activity and more so when the members have a differing expertise point of view. There is also the fear that mediocre decisions are more likely to be made as group leaders at times tend to be more manipulative and dominating and likely to take credit when the

Warehouse Performance Measurement Of Tesco Online Commerce Essay

Warehouse Performance Measurement Of Tesco Online Commerce Essay Tesco being the 4th largest online retailer as per revenue and 2nd largest online grocery retailer as per profit is constantly increasing its online grocery business which is being done from its Superstore chain. Tesco introduced a DOTCOM dedicated store more commonly known as DCOS (Dotcom only store) in Aylesford in 2009, which was a huge success and a boost to its online grocery business. As it was highly disturbing for the local superstores carrying out Dotcom business within them in line with the other regular store operations, it was becoming a quite a need to open a dedicated store Dotcom store in London, which TESCO did made possible by opening another DCOS in Greenford London. Tesco needed to reduce the impact of the Dotcom operation in certain stores at the same time addressing space constraints for the Van numbers in particular geographic areas, with a store-based order fulfillment model.  This led Tesco to re-evaluate the potential for a dedicated facility. Being a Tesco DCOS employee myself, I am very well known that the Product Availability is the highest priority in any DCOS or a superstore running Dotcom in it. Tweaking the performance of Warehouse is one of the key possibilities to make that high priority element easy to live with. According to Goh and Pinaikul (1998) for a company to run and have a sound and effective supply chain operations, companies have put a lot of their time and effort in this field. If the logistics of a company is well handled, it can take a company to a different level of success and it becomes easy for a company to defeat its rivals (Mentzer et al., 2004). With the new advancements in technologies there is always room for improvement and upgrades in a companys Warehouse Management. In DCOS Warehouse Management case there is a large number of logistic operations taking place. There have been many researches which discussed how to improve the performance of a companys warehouse by adapting different models and how to implement them. Moreover, this research will provide the company with the better understating of how to enhance its performance by measuring its performance with the variable benchmarking. Competitive advantage can be gained over rivals if the companys WMS is flexible and any process that is not performing well can be used as a benchmark to measure Warehouse Managements performance. Any flaws or drawbacks that maybe present in the current Warehouse Management Techniques will be reduced / diminished by the help of this research. LITERATURE REVIEW: WAREHOUSE MANAGAMENT: To have a very successful and efficient supply chain, an organisation has to focus on some major operations like warehouses. In todays day and age a firm is considered to be a flop which does not take care of its warehouse management functions. It has become vital for companies who manufactures on a large scale and in bulk to be efficient if their warehouse management system is not able to help company in all economic climates (Henneberry, 1987; Power et al., 2007). As per Brown (1990) and Lindley et al., (2008) there are numerous factors that are responsible for the vitality of warehouse management systems (WMS) some of which are that customers can place orders recently a new trend in the market has started in which people are leasing their land or building warehouses and then leasing them to different companies. This trend only came in to existence because of this mounting need of warehouses by mass producers and retailers (Jones and Hillier, 2000) Source: Adapted and modified from Mulaik and Cooper (2000). Warehouses can be defined in different ways but as per Gunasekaran et al., (1999) a warehouse can be defined as a place where commodities and goods are saved and stored for many reasons like social, commercial and assets safety. The designs of warehouses should be able to provide company with different technical and operations (Hassan, 2002; Faber et al., 2002). Warehouses are facilities that provide the right environmental conditions for the storage of finished goods and/or materials that require protection from the elements, as well as ensure commercial security and social safety (Gunasekaran et al., 1999). As such, warehouses have to be designed to satisfy a combination of several technical and operational requirements (Hassan, 2002; Faber et al., 2002). According to Lodree et al., (2004); Gaur and Ravindran, (2006) the basic functions that should be present in a warehouse are engineering structural capacity to bear the loads of the materials to be stored as well as the associated handling equipment, receiving and shipping operations and associated trucking, and the requirements of the operating personnel. Store-keeping places hold very important for proper warehouse management Gaur and Ravindran, (2006). There are following six major functions which are in the figure below. As per Lambert et al. (1998) there are more than 750,000 warehouses around the globe. These include private leasing warehouses, state of art warehouses, highly sophisticated warehouses, storage warehouses for companies and self-storage places. Lambert et al. (1998) further says that if the warehouses need so much money to have and operate then why they exist? He answers his own question and says that they play a vital role in companys supply chain management and they are usually build and kept to help companies in achieving transport and production economies, quality purchase discount and forward buys. Warehouses are a key factor in any organizations operations. Their main purpose is to supply, circulate, store, consolidate and changeover cargo. Henneberry (1987) and Power et al. (2007) claim that in todays day and age to consider profitable allocation or to consider large scale manufacture it is vital to give thought to the role of warehousing. According to Brown (1990); Lindley et al., (2008) partly because of the increasing dependence on the electronic alternatives for order placing by commercial and private customers and also to the manufactured goods industry the demand for warehousing is on an all-time high. Due to this demand of electronic order placing a greater weight is placed on distribution centres to hold the right amount of all the different stocks in order to meet clientele demands. Warehousing is required due to the developing capability in stockholding by vendors and producers. Boasting a direct impact in flexibility, operational costs and service levels warehouse operations prove that they are indeed indispensable (Baker and Halim, 2007). Warehouse operations being those of warehouse location, goods handling, warehouse design, inventory and storage guidelines hold a great importance in addressing the specific issues which are faced in achieving strategic goals. These issues can only be addressed once an organization has distinct strategies that will help define their long term performance (Bowersox et al 2002, p. 389; Bowersox and Closs 1996, p. 396). As stated by Korpela and Lehmusvaara (1999, p. 135) a major point to consider when allocating warehouses or distribution centres (DCs) is their location. This is a very important decision and requires a lot of thought as it will determine the continuing profitability of the organization, affect customer services and relations, costs and delivery schedules. As pointed out by Huertas et al. (2007) a great emphasis is placed on the layout of the facility as it is a major deciding factor in the success of an organization. The warehouses layout depends on its specific operational demands and distinctiveness i.e. modularity, flexibility, compliance, allocation of arrangements, convenience, and neatness. The design of the layout varies according to the nature of the organizations operations and has to be adapted as per those operational requirements meaning there is no set layout or methodology to follow. Because of the diversity of factors influencing a warehouses operations such as rack types and entrances, gangway entrance and harbour locations, selecting an adequate layout for any given case is not unimportant especially the usage of pallitization (Huertas et al. 2007). Those responsible for the development of these warehouse services need to focus around the understanding of the necessities of the businesses that will vacate these premises (Reichhart and Holweg, 2008). According to Varila et al., (2007) most warehousing development is an approximation of how the market in storehouse rental could evolve. Formerly to meet these types of demands made by most retailers and manufacturers was easier, as most of their needs had been met within their organization. Ultimately resulting in relative ease in the prediction of vacancy levels, also the ease in establishing the capability of warehousing; the support available to promote proficient use of the services (Rubrico et al., 2008). The main activities that play a vital role in the performance of a warehouse as defined by Koster and Warffemius (2005) are as follows: Internal product relocation, Return handling, Cycle counting, Quality inspection, and Cross-docking As a result of the above research one can come to the conclusion that in todays day and age warehouses plays a crucial yet multifaceted role in many supply chains. Baker and Halim (2007) emphasize that a warehouse makes up to 20% of the total logistics cost of an organization. And their critical role as great customer service providers in particular distribution centres as they are the final point of contact. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 from a small grocery stall. And now it is the fourth largest retailer in the world measured by revenues and second largest retailer in the world measured by profits. Started from the 25p Stock Market share, it is now making a profit of more than  £200m. Tesco is now widely spread into more than 13 countries, including China and India. Tesco.com, commonly known as DOTCOM is the UKs most successful online retailer. Launched in 1996, and officially registered in 2000, it is one of the fastest growing business selling everything from vegetables to computers, electronic appliances to normal grocery via internet. Back to its beginning, it started making its 1st annual turnover of  £25m and was started from a single store. These days their average weekly turnover is around  £30m and they currently employee thousands of people in stores across the UK making the DOTCOM procedure possible. AIM, OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: The existing warehouse management of Dotcom Only store TESCO Greenford is appraised. The primary aim is to recommend set of measures and strategies which can be used to measure the performance and eliminate wastes, respectively. By studying TESCO Greenfords warehouse management and conducting interviews with the senior managers, the weaknesses within their warehouse management will be identified and the solutions would be provided by relating it with the strategies available in the literature of this field and moulding it to the specific needs of TESCO DOTCOM Greenford. However, the core purpose of this research is to set the performance measures and eliminate wastes by identifying them in the complete Warehouse Management system implemented in all the TESCO Dotcom only stores. The research aims to benefit managers in understanding the weakness and the processes which are wastes. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: In order to answer a question, a proper research has to be conducted (Zikmund, 2003). When a standard set of procedures and rules are followed to answer a research issue and to validate the findings attained by a systematic approach is called as research methodology (Ghauri and Granhaug, 2005). It has been widely observed that there is no fix method of conducting a research but a research should answer the question and should be relevant to the available data (Hussey and Hussey 1997). According to Schindler and Cooper (2001); Collins and Hussey (2003); Denscombre (2003) the result outcomes should be the main centre focus point for any research methodology. Substantiation of adopted research technique is briefly discussed in this section. Research design has been carefully selected to discuss the issues of the research for this particular research. The following plan is adopted: Research Philosophy: This will explain that which philosophy is used to develop the understanding of research. Research Design: This will provide with the design that is used to conduct the research. Research Approaches: this will discuss the major kinds of approaches and which one is adopted for this research. Research Data collection: this section will define the steps involved in the collection of the data For the purpose of this research we have used the research ONION which was introduced by Saunders et al. in 2000 and then it kept on modifying. According to Saunders et al., (2009) the last shape of Onion is given below: Research Philosophy: As we have discussed in order to go around this dissertation, the Onion process is used. So first of all the requirement of explaining the research philosophy is a must (Saunders et al., 2009). Research philosophy is basically an embarkation for the understanding of the knowledge upon which the research is based (Saunders et al., 2009). In summary we agree with Johnson and Clark (2006:108) that its not important how philosophical the research is and how well it is delivered but the way on how we reflect ourselves through those philosophies. There are many types of philosophies which are explained by Saunders et al. (2009) and are shown in the table below Table 5: Types of Philosophies Type Meaning Pragmatism Do you have to adopt one position? Ontology What assumptions do we make about the way in which world works? Objectivism How social entities exist independent of social actors? Subjectivism Understanding the meanings that individuals attach to social phenomena Epistemology What is acceptable knowledge in a particular field of study? Positivism Working in the tradition of the natural scientist Realism Do objects exist independently of our knowledge of their existence? Interpretivism Understanding differences between humans as social actors Axiology What roles do our values play in our research? Source: (Author) However for the purpose of this research we will only briefly discuss four main kinds of research philosophies. Positivism This kind of approaches provides researcher with a feeling of a scientist and it is conducted in the same way as any normal scientist will conduct a research (Saunders et al., 2009). Remenyi et al. (1998) has supported this idea that a research creates a hypothesis just like a scientist does when conducting a natural research. Realism Realism approach means that the philosophical things are different then the reality (Saunders et al., 2009). He explains it in detail by saying that realism is a branch of epistemology and it has two sub divisions in business and management research which are direct realism and critical realism. According to Saunders et al (2009) by focusing on the knowhow of generating a common understanding of humans and basing it on the experience of external factors that have at one point impacted a business research can be conducted. However these factors that have impacted an organization may not provide suitable evidence to the exact situation. Interpretivism This kind of research is explained by Saunders et al. (2009) as a research in which the researcher has to bear in mind that all the humans are social actors and they all have a viewpoint towards things. He further explains that in this kind of research, a research has to get involved into details of the social world of the research question and has to observe the point through their i.e. social actors point of view. Pragmatism Saunders et al. (2009) argues that pragmatism is that the most important factor is that what type of question you adopt for research and one may be more important than the other in order to achieve the answer. He further uses the support of Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) who suggests that it is more appropriate for the researcher in a particular study to think of the philosophy adopted as a continuum rather than opposite positions (Saunders et al., 2009, pp 109). Saunders et al. (2009) says that the research philosophies can be explained in more detail by the use of a concept known as research paradigms. Furthermore, this terminology, paradigm, is usually used in social science researchers and can become a cause of confusion as it gives birth to many meanings of one things. Research Design There are many ways to conduct a business research and there is as such no limitation which says that one research is superior over another (Hair et al, 2003). One may think that the data is qualitative or quantitative or may be both but again its all on how you want it to be (Jankowicz, 2003; Stevenson and Cooper, 1997). EXPLORATORY RESEARCH This can be used by people who are not highly knowledgeable and is completely based on the exploration. On the other hand, this research can be used for companies and industries which are highly innovative and are always evolving into new things. The importance of this type of research can be determined by the words of Swaddling and Zobel (1996) in the following pattern: When conducted well, exploratory research provides a window into consumer perceptions, behaviours, and needs. It enables companies to produce new products and make them successful easily. Highly level decision and a better understanding of market can be gained by such research. This type of research leads company into the innovation of new products and these products being a result of exploration is always very beneficial and profitable for companies. Research Approaches There are many kinds of researches approaches and any of them can be used to attain the answer of ones research (Saunders et al., 2003; 2009). The selected approach basically reflects the way theory was built when the project was initiated and is most critical selection (Creswell, 2003; Saunders et al., 2009). In general there are 5 major approaches and any of them can be adopted. According to Zikmund (2003) there are two major approaches i.e. Theoretical and Methodological and both of these are divided into sub category of Inductive/Deductive and qualitative/quantitative, respectively. While on the other hand Collis and Hussey (2003); Gray (2004); Hussey and Hussey (1997); Mangan et al. (2004) all agree that there are two major kinds of approaches which are Deductive and Inductive. Now in recent years another researchers introduced a new kind of research which is known as Abductive (Kovacs and Spens 2005; Saunders et al., 2009). We will discuss each approach briefly and will select the one that is most suitable for the purpose of this research. DATA COLLECTION: One of the most important parts of any research is the data collection method. There are several methods of collecting data but the method is completely dependent upon how the research is conducted (Creswell, 2003). Due to the nature of this research deductive technique is used and to collect data for such technique is defined by different researchers in a different way. Amongst all the methods researchers agree upon few like Sampling, Secondary data, Observation, interviews and Questionnaire (Saunders et al., 2003; Yin, 2003; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al, 2009). Each step is discussed briefly as following: Secondary Data collection: The data which is collected by someone else and not by user is generally referred to as a secondary data (Saunders et al., 2009). The secondary data can be qualitative or quantitative (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Secondary data is beneficial if the cost issues exist or the time is not trying to be wasted and this kid of data can also be descriptive or exploratory (Saunders et al., 2009). Data collection technique: Initial information would be collected by the communication with the strategic level manager of TECO Dotcom Greenford and the website of the Dotcom Stores Tesco and the main website of the Tesco Plc. These websites would be used to collect the general background of the company. Later on Warehouse Manager of Tesco Dotcom Greenford will be provided with the some information which includes the current situations of the Warehouse Management of the store and the interaction between its clients. The literature review will be providing the support on the research on overall basis as well. Primary Data Collection: secondary data is usually not always enough to understand and answer the research (Saunders et al., 2009). This kind of data can only be collected by having a deeper understanding of the issues and is usually targeted to answer the specific issues (Ghauri, 2005 and Saunders et al., 2009). Furthermore, it is explained that there are three major ways to collect primary data i.e. in depth interviews, questionnaires and observations which usually reflects the situation in detail and gives a researcher with a clearer picture of the situation (Creswell, 2003; Saunders et al., 2009). Data collection technique: Primary data would be collected by paying visits to the Tesco Dotcom Greenford, conducting in depth face-to-face interviews with the managers at Tesco Dotcom Greenford and then a detailed telephonic interview with the Warehouse Manager at Aylesford Dotcom Only Store, as they are directly involved in the issues faced by Tesco Dotcom Greenford at the moment (a good reason why Aylesford is involved with the problems faced by Greenford store is because it is the only relevant store of the type in UK and is up and running successfully). The interviews would be provided with the great deal of understanding of the situation. Later on, observation would be made about the processes happening at Tesco Dotcom Greenford and the email conversations between Tesco Dotcom Greenford and its suppliers. The issue with the palletisation and inventory is the major issue between Tesco Dotcom Greenford and Suppliers. Once the data would be collected then the communication through email will continue in order to fulfil any other requirement to conduct this research. TIMESCALE: GANTT CHART Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Problem Identification Proposal preparation and submission Literature Review Research Design Choice of Methodology Data Sources Data Collection Data Analysis Writing up Draft Editing Final Document Binding of Document

Nolan Ryan Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mid-Term   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my Mid-Term, I have decided to write about one of the greatest pitchers of all times. His name is Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. most people know him as Nolan Ryan. He pitched in the Major League from 1967- 1993. He was born on January 31, 1947 in Refugio, Texas. He was the final child of six. He grew up on a street called Dezso Drive in Alvin, Texas. He delivered a paper called the â€Å"The Houston Post.† This route was 55 miles long, and so that he could finish, he had to wake up at one and start delivering these papers because his father wanted him to have some responsibility. This would take him four hours to complete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he went to High School, he played baseball and basketball. He attended Alvin High School. When he was a Sophomore, he pitched in front of Mets Scout Red Murff. Red said that Nolan had the best arm he had seen in his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1965, when Nolan was a Senor, he was voted â€Å"Most Handsome.† That same year he was drafted by the Mets in the eighth round. Can you believe that 294 people were taken over him. He started pitching in Marion, Virginia, which was the Appalachian Rookie League. The next year he played in Greenville, South Carolina. This league was the Single A Western Carolinas League. He then was promoted to William...

Ethics Golden Rule

There is no ‘right vs.. Wrong when it comes to showing reverence for the dead or comforting the grieving. Perhaps it is better to think in terms of appropriate vs.. Inappropriate, or thoughtful vs.. Thoughtless. When you're not sure what to do, the best course of action is always the Golden Rule: ‘treat others the way you wish to be treated. Under this ethical code, funeral directors, cremation societies and direct disposers are expected to treat with he greatest respect the clients they serve, the deceased with whom they are entrusted; the general public who seek information; the cultural values, religious traditions, and familial relationships of all; the private information they are given; and the laws of the state; and the profession in which they serve. The death Of a loved one is an incredibly difficult time, and a family needs to feel supported and cared for when they choose a funeral professional to take care of a loved one.Ethical treatment of the deceased is the highest priority for cremation societies, funeral homes and cemeteries. It is an honor and a sacred duty to help a family when they have lost a loved one. It is a spiritual and reverent experience to care for those who have died. Those in Funeral Service are committed to leading the way in funeral industry ethics, and showing the communities, in which they serve that do take their duties and responsibilities seriously in showing reverence for the dead. What should be done with the dead? Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting? (l Corinthians 15:55) Death is never a welcome visitor. Death may come suddenly or be receded by a long, lingering illness. No matter how we may sometimes think we are prepared for a death, it is always perceived as â€Å"sudden† and without warning. Many people are so afraid of death that the topic is totally avoided from any thought or discussion. Several methods for disposal are practiced: earth burial, entombment, cremation o r donation of the decedent's body for anatomical study. In many cases, the manner of disposal is dominated by spiritual guidelines and a desire to show reverence for the dead, and may be highly radicalized.Many religions as well as legal jurisdictions have set rules regarding the disposal of corpses of the dead. Since the experience of death is universal to all humans, practices regarding corpse disposal are a part of every culture and religion. There is a duty upon certain people to dispose of a body after a death. This duty falls on the executor or administrator of the decedent's estate, the parents of a deceased child, a hospital authority / nursing home if the body of a deceased patient is on its premises and the local authority where no arrangements are otherwise made for the disposal.

Rankle

Rankle Rankle Rankle By Maeve Maddox A reader declares: I rankle Or get rankled when I hear someone, usually, an athlete, is under rated. What does this mean? The question asks about the term underrated, but this post will focus mainly on rankle. First, the verb underrate: underrate: to estimate at too low a value or worth. Ex. Research shows men tend to overrate themselves and women underrate themselves. Further explanation of underrate does not seem necessary. The reader is correct in the observation that the term is frequently used in reference to athletes. For example, a Google search brings up several lists of â€Å"the most underrated sports figures†: 10 Most Underrated Athletes of All Time The 25 Most Underrated Sports Superstars of All Time The List: Underrated all-time athletes 10 of the most underrated sports stars of all time The 5 Most Underrated Athletes The 25 Greatest Underrated NBA Players of All Time Now, to rankle. Taken into English from Old French, the verb rankle initially meant â€Å"to fester† or â€Å"to suppurate.† A wound that rankled was in the process of rotting. Over time, the word has dwindled in figurative use to mean to annoy or to irritate. Rankle conveys a sense of ongoing emotional hurt or bitterness. The verb may be used transitively or intransitively. Here are examples of current use: After less than three months on the job, LePage has already managed to rankle more constituencies with his bluntness than any Maine governor in recent memory.- Deseret News Christie’s Cowboys Support Rankles Some New Jersey Residents- Wall Street Journal My father didn’t get his due. That still rankles.- Shadaab Khan $10 bill change rankles descendant of Alexander Hamilton- New York Times [Rod] Serling was not just another freelancer and he rankled at the perceived affront to his work- Jeannot Szwarc Are you rankled by your cankles? A new liposuction treatment may help- Daily Mail Note: The word cankle is a new one on me. Word flags it as a misspelling. Cankle does not appear in the OED or on the Ngram Viewer, but Merriam-Webster offers a citation from The Philadelphia Inquirer dated 2001 and defines cankle as: a wide, thick, or fat ankle that appears indistinguishable from the lower calf. Cankle is a portmanteau: calf + ankle. As for rankle, It’s a good word to convey a festering annoyance of long duration. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Hyper and HypoUsing Writing Bursts to Generate Ideas and Enthusiasm

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery

How Women Abolitionists Fought Slavery Abolitionist was the word used in the 19th century for those who worked to abolish the institution of slavery. Women were quite active in the abolitionist movement, at a time when women were, in general, not active in the public sphere. The presence of women in the abolitionist movement was considered by many to be scandalous- not just because of the issue itself, which was not universally supported even in states that had abolished slavery within their borders, but because these activists were women, and the dominant expectation of the proper place for women was in the domestic, not the public, sphere. Nevertheless, the abolitionist movement attracted quite a few women to its active ranks. White women came out of their domestic sphere to work against the enslavement of others. Black women spoke from their experience, bringing their story to audiences to elicit empathy and action. Black Women Abolitionists The two most famous black women abolitionists were Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman. Both were well-known in their time and are still the most famous of the black women who worked against slavery. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper and Maria W. Stewart are not as well known, but both were respected writers and activists. Harriet Jacobs wrote a memoir that was important as a story of what women went through during slavery, and brought the conditions of slavery to the attention of a wider audience. Sarah Mapps Douglass, part of the free African American community in Philadelphia, was an educator who also worked in the antislavery movement. Charlotte Forten Grimkà © was also part of the Philadelphia free African American community involved with the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society.   Other African American women who were active abolitionists included Ellen Craft, the Edmonson sisters (Mary and Emily), Sarah Harris Fayerweather, Charlotte Forten, Margaretta Forten, Susan Forten, Elizabeth Freeman (Mumbet), Eliza Ann Garner, Harriet Ann Jacobs,  Mary Meachum, Anna Murray-Douglass (first wife of Frederick Douglass), Susan Paul,  Harriet Forten Purvis, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Caroline Remond Putnam, Sarah Parker Remond, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and Mary Ann Shadd. White Women Abolitionists More white women than black women were prominent in the abolitionist movement, for a variety of reasons: Although the movement of all women was restricted by social convention, white women had more freedom than black women to move about.White women were more likely to have the income to support themselves while doing abolitionist work.Black women were, after the Fugitive Slave Act and the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, at risk of capture and transport to the South if someone alleged (rightly or wrongly) that they were escaped slaves.White women were generally better-educated than black women were (even though not at all on a par with the education of white men), including in formal oratory skills popular as a topic in education at the time. White women abolitionists were often connected with liberal religions like the Quakers, Unitarians, and Universalists, which taught the spiritual equality of all souls. Many white women who were abolitionists were married to (white) male abolitionists or came from abolitionist families, though some, like the Grimke sisters, rejected the ideas of their families. Key white women who worked for the abolition of slavery, helping African American women navigate an unjust system (in alphabetical order, with links to find more about each): Louisa May AlcottSusan B. AnthonyAntoinette Brown BlackwellElizabeth BlackwellEdnah Dow CheneyLydia Maria ChildLucy ColmanPaulina Kellogg Wright DavisMary Baker EddyMargaret FullerAngelina Grimke and her sister, Sarah GrimkeJulia Ward HoweMary LivermoreLucretia MottElizabeth Palmer PeabodyAmy Kirby PostElizabeth Cady StantonLucy StoneHarriet Beecher StoweMary Edwards WalkerVictoria WoodhullMarie Zakrzewska More white women abolitionists include: Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Elizabeth Margaret Chandler, Maria Weston Chapman, Hannah Tracy Cutler, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, Eliza Farnham, Elizabeth Lee Cabot Follen, Abby Kelley Foster,  Matilda Joslyn Gage,  Josephine White Griffing, Laura Smith Haviland, Emily Howland, Jane Elizabeth Jones, Graceanna Lewis, Maria White Lowell, Abigail Mott, Ann Preston, Laura Spelman Rockefeller, Elizabeth Smith Miller,  Caroline Severance,  Ann Carroll Fitzhugh Smith, Angeline Stickney, Eliza Sproat Turner,  Martha Coffin Wright.

The Language used Street Billboards in Doha Essay

The Language used Street Billboards in Doha - Essay Example The data will be collected by photographing various street billboards and by surveying people on their perception of the language used in street billboards. The findings showed that the design of billboards and Qatari dialect used in most street billboards attracts people most, Arabic and English are mostly used, adverts in Qatari addressed in Arabic uphold Islamic culture, and the target group of most adverts is adults. Objectives of the Study This study aims to show the like between the advertisements’ language and the ideology of the Qatari society. Also, it focuses in the design and the texts of the billboards persuade the customers, and examining the target group behind the language of the billboards used in Qatar society. LITERATURE REVIEW This Literature Review will analyze previous studies done by other scholars on the topic. Literature review typically includes scholarly journals, scholarly books, authoritative databases and primary source. Asmi (2013) explores the role of Islam in Arabic language ideologies. Through juxtaposing of religious and secular traditions, Asmi clearly explains the relationship between Islam and Arabic. The connection between the two greatly affects the political, social and cultural agendas of the Qatari society. Arabic language is considered to be the most powerful symbol of Arabic-Islamic culture and mode of transmission. Islam played an instrumental role in helping Arabic attain its universal status as well as to emerge as one of the world’s principal languages. This is attributed to the fact that Arabic is an important means of natural and cultural revival in most Islamic countries.

A Review of the Main Temperature Sensors for Control System and Assignment

A Review of the Main Temperature Sensors for Control System and Summary of the Typical Sensors for Measurement of Rainfall - Assignment Example Thermocouples are widely used because they are reliable, simple to use, and have a relatively lower price compared to other sensors (Seaton & Leach, 2005). Thermocouples are self-powered, thus eliminating the use of a separate or an external power supply to the sensors. They are durable when they are chosen appropriately for a designed application. Ibrahim and Coupland confirm that the thermocouple sensors are used in applications that handle very high temperatures such as incinerators. A thermocouple is a temperature transducer, which operates on a principle that unlike conductive materials is capable of generating current when they are joined (Setback effect) (Jianwei Shen & Shen, 2009). Such devices are made by joining two wires that are made of alloys (different metals) joined at one end, and then generating a voltage of EAB when heated. Jikwang, Jonsung, and Younghwa (2009) emphasize that the produced voltage is proportional to the difference between the measured joint temperatures and the reference point, which is determined experimentally and it depends on the type of materials that are used. A temperature monitoring system when using a thermocouple includes connectors, thermocouple, isothermal block, extension wires, and a transmitter also known as a voltmeter.  This schematic (figure 6) is for type J iron (Fe) Constantin Cu-Ni thermocouple. Nieuwenhove and Vermeeren (2004) describe that when the thermocouple junction is cooled or heated, a digital voltmeter or potentiometer can be used to measure the resulting voltage.